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The president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, (スワヒリ語:Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo), (リンガラ語:Mokonzi wa Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki)), is Congo's elected Head of State, and the ''ex officio'' "Supreme Commander" (Commander-in-Chief) of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). The position of president in the DRC has existed since the first constitution – known as The Fundamental Law – of 1960. However the powers of this position have varied over the years, from a limited shared role in the executive branch, with a prime minister, to a full-blown dictatorship. Under the current constitution, the President exists as the highest institution in a semi-presidential Republic. The current president is Joseph Kabila. He is protected by the Republican Guard. ==Presidential powers== The semi-presidential system established by the constitution is largely borrowed from the French constitution. Although it is the prime minister and parliament that oversee much of the nation's actual lawmaking, the president wields significant influence, both formally and from constitutional convention. The president holds the nation's most senior office, and outranks all other politicians. Perhaps the president's greatest power is his or her ability to choose the prime minister. However, since only the National Assembly has the power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the president is forced to name a prime minister that commands the support of the majority of this assembly. *When the majority of the Assembly has opposite political views to that of the president, this leads to political cohabitation. In that case, the president's power is diminished, since much of the de facto power relies on a supportive prime minister and National Assembly, and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Still, the constitutional convention is that the president directs foreign policy, though he must work on that matter with the Minister of Foreign Affairs. *When the majority of the Assembly sides with him, the President can take a more active role and may, in effect, direct government policy. The prime minister is de often a mere "fuse"and can be replaced if the administration becomes unpopular. Among the formal powers of the president: *The president ensures respect of the Constitution and ensures the proper functioning of the public authorities and institutions as well as the continuity of the State. He guarantees the independence, territorial integrity, and sovereignty of the nation and ensures the observance of international treaties.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 69 ).〕 *The president appoints the Prime Minister and, acting on the advice of the latter, appoints and removes the other members of the government.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 81 )〕 *The president convokes and presides at meetings of the Council of Ministers, promulgates the laws, and issues ordinances〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 79 )〕 *The president invests the elected Governors and Vice-Governors of the Provinces with their powers.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 80 )〕 *The president appoints, suspends, and removes, on the proposal of the government and after deliberation by the Council of Ministers:〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 81 )〕 * *Ambassadors and other diplomatic personnel; * *Officers of the armed forces and national police, after hearing the opinion of the High Defense Council; * *The general chief of staff, the chiefs of staff and the commanders of the main branches of the armed forces, after hearing the opinion of the High Defense Council; * *High-ranking civil servants; * *Persons in charge of public services and establishments; * *Representatives of the State (other than auditors) in public enterprises; * *Judges and public prosecutors on the proposal of the High Council of the Judiciary.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 82 )〕 *The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and chairs the High Defense Council.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 83 )〕 *The president confers national honors.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 84 )〕 *The president may declare a state of emergency or a state of siege "When grave circumstances constitute a present threat to the independence or the integrity of the national territory or when they provoke the disruption of the proper functioning of the institutions."〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 85 )〕 *The president may declare war with the authorization of both chambers of parliament, after deliberation by the Council of Ministers, and after hearing the opinion of the High Defense Council.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 86 )〕 *The President may grant pardons or commute or reduce sentences.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 87 )〕 *The President appoints and accredits ambassadors to foreign countries and international organizations, and receives ambassadors accredited to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 88 )〕 *The President defines national policy in coordination with the government and is responsible, in cooperation with the government, for defense, security, and foreign affairs.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 91 )〕 *The president has a very limited form of suspensive veto: when presented with a law, he or she can request another reading of it by parliament, but only once per law.〔(Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2006, article 137 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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